Cum se identifica

La forma de singular este adaugat:

1. "s"      :   regula generala;

2. "es"    :   daca singularul substantivelor au terminatia in ch, sh, s, ss, z, x;

3. "ies"  :    daca singularul are terminatia y si inaintea lui e o consoana;

4. "es"    :   daca singularul are terminatia o iar substantivul e intrat de mult in folosire;

5. "ves"  :    majoritatea substantivelor terminate in f sau fe (exceptii: roof/ roofs  dwarf/ dwarfs);

6. la substantivele de origine greaca, substantivele terminate in sis, la plural sis e inlocuit de ses.

Exemple

1	inainte de "s" avem o consoana surda (p, t, k, f, th):   cats, roofs, boats, books, cups   ("-s" se pronunta "s")
1	inainte de "s" avem altceva decat in cazul anterior:     ideas, boys, balls, days  ("-s" se pronunta "z")
2	boxes, buses, dashes, prizes  ("-es" se pronunta "iz")
3	babies, ladies, factories, spies    (from baby, lady, factory, spy)   ("-ies" se pronunta "iz")
4	tomatoes, potatoes, heroes, volcanoes   (from tomato, potato, hero, volcano)   ("-es" se pronunta "z")
5	wives, elves, loaves, lives, thieves, knives  (from wife, elf, loaf, life, thief, knife)   ("-ves" se pronunta "vz")
6	analyses, hypotheses, bases  (plural from analysis, hypothesis, basis)   (la singular "-sis" se pronunta "sis", iar la plural "-ses" se pronunta "siz")

Comentarii

1. O serie de substantive au pluralul neregulat:

child (copil) - children, man (barbat)-men, woman (femeie) - women, die (zar) - dice, foot (picior) - feet, goose (gasca) - geese, mouse (soarece) - mice, ox (bou) - oxen, tooth (dinte) - teeth

2. Unele substantive au aceeasi forma si pentru singular si pentru plural: sheep, fish (se adauga forma de plural “es” cand este vorba de mai multe specii de peste), fruit (se adauga forma de plural “-s” cand este vorba de mai multe soiuri de fructe), species, deer, series.

                 

                  Ex: His favourite was a big white sheep.

                         The sheep were grazing in the field.

   

    

3. Unele substantive au deja forma de plural (sunt urmate de un verb la plural); denumind lucruri formate din doua parti: trousers, pants, shorts, (sun)glasses, pyjamas, slacks, scissors, tongs, compasses, scales.

    

    

4. Unele substantive nu primesc niciodata forma de plural (money, information, news, progress, luggage, furniture, homework, advice, knowledge); ideea de plural se va realiza prin folosirea sintagmelor: a piece of/ two pieces of, an item of, two items of (pentru substantive ce denumesc lucruri abstracte), a bit of.  In acest caz, verbul folosit in fraza va fi totdeauna la singular.

    

                 Ex: The money is on the table.

                        I need a piece of valuable information.

   

    

5. Unele substantive se termina deja in “-s”, dand astfel impresia de plural. La plural ele nu isi schimba forma: mathematics, physics, politics, billiards, darts, gymnastics, diabetes, measles, mumps.

                 Ex:  Mathematics is one of the most important sciences.

Exercitii

      Substantivul: Pluralul in engleza - Exercitii